Citizen / General public
Researcher
Student / Future student
Company
Public partner
Journalist
Teacher / Pupil

The evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere studied using impact craters

An international team shows that rocks from the hydrothermal system formed following the impact of the Rochechouart asteroid around 200 million years ago contain traces of the atmosphere of that period in the Earth's history.

The evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere studied using impact craters

Artist's view of an asteroid crashing into Earth © Freepik

Publication date: 25/09/2023

Press, Research

Tracking the evolution of the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere allows following the entire geological history of our planet. However, geological samples that have trapped atmospheric signals are extremely rare.

An international team of researchers led by Guillaume Avice (IPGP-Université Paris Cité, CNRS), in collaboration with the University of Queensland (Australia), the University of Lorraine and the Natural History Museum in Vienna (Austria), shows that rocks from the hydrothermal system formed following the Rochechouart asteroid impact (France) some 200 Ma ago contain traces of the atmosphere from that period of Earth’s history.

Agate nodule (concretion of silica layers) formed by the circulation of fluids in the Rochechouart crater. Red bar = 1 cm. © Avice et al., EPSL 2023
Fluid inclusions contained in the Rochechouart samples. Some contain a liquid phase (liq.) and a gaseous phase in the form of a bubble (vap.). The largest inclusion is twenty micrometres wide. © Avice et al., EPSL 2023

Measurements of the elemental and isotopic composition of noble gases show that the atmospheric signal is essentially pure, and Argon-Argon dating confirms the age of this atmospheric signal.

Impact craters are therefore new targets for understanding the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere over the long term, bearing in mind that a better knowledge of the past atmosphere is important for understanding future variations, particularly in the case of climate change.

Ref: G. Avice, M.A. Kendrick, A. Richard, L. Ferrière, Ancient atmospheric noble gases preserved in post-impact hydrothermal minerals of the 200 Ma-old Rochechouart impact structure, France, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 620, 2023, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118351.

Latest news
SOUFRIÈRE_50: a week to revisit fifty years of scientific progress and meet the challenges of 21st-century volcanology
SOUFRIÈRE_50: a week to revisit fifty years of scientific progress and meet the challenges of 21st-century volcanology
Press Release - Fifty years after the 1976–1977 eruption of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe—an event that left a profound mark on Guadeloupe, as well as on...
QVCT Week is back at the IPGP from 15 to 19 June 2026!
QVCT Week is back at the IPGP from 15 to 19 June 2026!
For the second year running, Quality of Life and Working Conditions Week (QVCT) is back at the IPGP. It’s an opportunity to strengthen bonds between c...
Jean-Philippe Avouac featured at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences annual meeting
Jean-Philippe Avouac featured at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences annual meeting
Jean-Philippe Avouac, Director of the Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP) and Professor at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech),...
Non-biological organic carbon recycled in Earth’s depths
Non-biological organic carbon recycled in Earth’s depths
A study published in Nature Communications, involving teams from the Institut de physique du globe de Paris, reveals a major and previously underestim...